Updated

A new report from Oil Change International and SOMO identifies two little-known oil traders, Vitol and Heritage Petroleum FZCO, as major suppliers of crude oil to Israel during the Gaza war. The companies, based in the UAE and Switzerland, together exported roughly 22 million barrels to Israel, accounting for about 11 percent of the country's total crude imports, with much of it reportedly routed through Turkey despite Ankara's trade embargo on Israel. The findings raise questions about the effectiveness of regional embargoes and highlight the role of opaque international trading firms in sustaining Israel's energy supply during the conflict. Advocacy groups have called for greater scrutiny of such firms' involvement in supplying countries engaged in the war.