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European officials are increasingly accusing Russia of waging a campaign of 'hybrid warfare' against the continent, encompassing cyberattacks, disinformation, sabotage, and other below-threshold aggressive actions. The characterization reflects growing alarm among European governments over a pattern of incidents attributed to Moscow. The discussion comes amid broader tensions between Russia and Western nations tied to the war in Ukraine, with European leaders debating how to respond to and deter such tactics without triggering direct military confrontation.