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NASA researchers are developing advanced battery technology capable of functioning in the extreme cold environment of the Moon's South Pole, where nighttime temperatures plummet to minus 280 degrees Fahrenheit. Standard batteries cannot perform reliably in such harsh conditions, making specialized thermal management and chemistry essential for sustained lunar operations. The research aims to support long-duration human missions and robotic exploration in permanently shadowed craters where resources like water ice may be located. The development of cold-tolerant batteries is critical infrastructure for NASA's Artemis program and future sustained lunar presence, enabling equipment and habitats to maintain power through the Moon's extended two-week night cycles.