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Scientists using underwater seismic surveys discovered that magma is accumulating beneath Japan's Kikai caldera, a massive supervolcano that erupted 7,300 years ago in one of Earth's most powerful recent volcanic events, according to findings published October 23, 2026. The research reveals how supervolcanoes rebuild their magma supplies over centuries and millennia, and may help explain similar processes at other supervolcanic systems like Yellowstone and Toba.